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Armies of Empire: The 9th Australian and 50th British Divisions in Battle 1939-1945 (Australian Army History Series), by Allan Converse
Download Ebook Armies of Empire: The 9th Australian and 50th British Divisions in Battle 1939-1945 (Australian Army History Series), by Allan Converse
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Armies of Empire uniquely reflects upon the experience of two divisions from different armies facing similar challenges in the Second World War. The 9th Australian Division and the British 50th (Northumbrian) Division both saw long service and suffered heavy casualties, and both encountered morale, discipline and battlefield effectiveness problems. In this illuminating, comparative study of Australian and British divisions at war, Allan Converse draws extensively on primary sources as well as recent scholarship on morale and combat efficiency. His fresh approach questions the popular mythology surrounding the Australian Digger and the British Tommy, and shows how it was a combination of leadership, loyalty and tactics, rather than intrinsic national qualities, which resulted in victory for Churchill's armies.
- Sales Rank: #4692054 in Books
- Published on: 2011-04-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .94" w x 5.98" l, 1.55 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 366 pages
About the Author
Allan Converse is Lecturer in History at Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Nice concept but in the end unsuccessful
By M. Pitcavage
Allan Converse's "Armies of Empire: The 9th Australian and 50th British Divisions in Battle, 1939-1945" is an entry in Cambridge's Australian Army History Series, a series that has produced some good studies. The conceit of Converse's study is to do a comparative study of two infantry divisions that served extensively in the Second World War, one Australian and one British. Converse suggests that the result will be a contribution to the ongoing debates within the military history field of gauging military effectiveness.
This is a nice idea. First, a comparative study of this nature has not been done before--there have been comparisons of Allied vs. Axis units, but not of Allied vs. Allied units (though Russell Hart does provide a general comparison between American, Canadian, British and German performance at Normandy). Second, though entries in this debate have looked at American, British, Canadian, German, and Soviet military effectiveness (and some other nationalities to a lesser degree, in anthologies like the Millett and Murray edited 3-vol Military Effectiveness), no one has really yet studied the Australians in this context, even though they are interesting in that they are among the few combatants in the Second World War to have fought all three of the Axis major powers.
Comparing British and Australian units is an interesting idea because they broadly shared much of the same organization and weaponry, thus allowing the areas in which they differed in terms of performance to be shown in sharper relief. The choices of the two divisions, moreover, are interesting in and of themselves. The 50th Division was essentially a failure, having performed below expectations in virtually every one of its campaigns from 1940 to 1944 until in the end it was disbanded in late 1944 and its personnel shuffled to other units. The 9th Division, on the other hand, was a successful division that performed well from Tobruk to the Pacific (where admittedly it faced a greatly inferior foe than the Germans faced by the 50th). What made one division successful and the other a failure?
Unfortunately, the reality of the study does not live up to the promise. In the first place, the author largely eschews comparative analysis, especially in a critical or evaluative sense. Not only does the author not bother much to try to explain the differing levels of performance, but he goes to a fairly strenuous effort to try to suggest (albeit unsuccessfully) that their performance levels were not all that different. This is a really hard argument to swallow, as the 50th Division was a problem division if there every was one (for all sorts of reasons).
The format and style also makes analysis somewhat difficult, as for most of the study, the author rapidly jumps back and forth from the 9th to the 50th and vice versa--often within the same paragraph. If it weren't for the different styles of battalion naming in the two armies, it would be almost impossible to follow, but even with those different styles, a reader not paying close attention can get to the end of a paragraph suddenly realizing that the second half of the paragraph was actually about a different division than the first half. With this rapid back and forth, what analysis there is tends to be of the myopic variety--comparing AWOL cases within a certain time period, for example--and not a nuanced or more advanced form of comparative analysis.
However, by far the major problem with this book is that it completely fails to deliver on the title, which claims to be about the two divisions IN BATTLE. Evaluation of military performance, with specific discussion of decisions made by commanders, performances by the men, analysis of the effectiveness of weapons and/or tactics--all of this is basically completely absent from this book. Indeed, it almost seems that the author is deliberately avoiding discussion of battlefield performance. Not once is there an extended discussion or analysis of a single incident of combat in which either division was engaged. The most that the reader can get is a cursory description of an action--often no more than a single sentence that alludes to a setback or achievement rather than describing or analyzing it.
It is largely because of the absence of analysis and discussion of actual battlefield performance that the book ends up becoming a failure. The reader is left with no greater understanding of why the divisions performed the way they did than when the reader began. Compared with works like Hell in Hurtgen Forest, Victory was Beyond their Grasp, When the Odds Were Even, or other studies of the performance and effectiveness of specific military units during World War II, this work comes up quite short.
This is a shame, because, as I noted, the concept was a very valid approach. The book could have been much better.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent study of Commonwealth divisions
By John E. Larsen
This is a fascinating, almost forensic study of two significant formations of the Commonwealth in WW2. While I've always thought 9th Australian Division would make most short lists of outstanding formations, I was surprised to see it put up against the 50th British Division here. It is a lot less sung than some other British units but as Converse amply demonstrates it had a long war and there was much to say for it. The two selections also allow examination of both the 1940 and 1944 campaigns in France and the vastly different island fighting in the Pacific - with a shared experience in the desert particularly at Alamein. All up it made for an intriguing and often surprising study.
Converse has many very interesting things to say about the respective births of both divisions. Australia shared many of the British recruiting and organizational practices but there were differences. There was a lot that increased my understanding, particularly regarding the British system. The key difference of course is that the 9th was comprised of volunteers while the 50th was a mix of regular and territorial battalions. Now the later of course ultimately incorporated many conscripts but it was surprising to me to read of the extent of the 9ths birth pains. Converse makes intriguing use of court martial and medical records to reveal the development and performance of both units.
The most fascinating element of course is the battle histories. The 9th was lauded for its epic defence of Tobruk and key role at 2nd Alamein. The 50th had more than its share of disasters, with quite a number of sub-units lost in the reverses of the early years. Even so, it performed commendably - when allowed time to train properly. It is the identification of such elements that makes this book a standout. Other gems were blunt appraisals of commanders ("Blamey (General) was fat, hedonistic and unpopular." pg 127) and units. It busts a few myths and spells out that war puts terrible pressure on men. Not all are able to cope.
Even though it shares the book with the 50th, there was substantial new information on 9th Australian far surpassing the generalized histories available. The author has run a very sharp eye over the sources and he doesn't hesitate to reveal the warts, amidst delivering fulsome praise where appropriate. Converse also examines the enemies the two faced, noting their strengths and weakness and strongly decries the over-praising of the German army, which he asserts unfairly disparages the reputations of allied soldiers.
By the end it was clear that 9th Australian had the `better war', though I don't think the author quite gives enough weight to the 9ths all-volunteer status for its success. Even so, it had a surprising share of difficulties and this was very informative to me. However, while I initially picked this book up because it had the 9th as part of its topic matter, I found myself greatly appreciating the insight into a line division of the British army. A lot was expected of it and this examination of the 50th allows us to see how remarkable the British soldier was in the face of many adversities. This is a great study and I heartily recommend it to readers interested in WW2 divisions.
0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Absolutely superb.
By Aw Mortimer-moore
One of the best books I have ever read about the brave contribution made by diggers to the winning of WW2.
Absolutely unputdownable.
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