Free Ebook How Well Do Facts Travel?: The Dissemination of Reliable KnowledgeFrom Cambridge University Press
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Why write about facts? Facts are everywhere. They litter the utterances of public life as much as the private conversations of individuals. They frequent the humanities and the sciences in equal measure. But their very ubiquity tells us not only why it is difficult to form general but sensible answers in response to seemingly simple questions about facts, but also why it is important to do so. This book discusses how facts travel, and when and why they sometimes travel well enough to acquire a life of their own. Whether or not facts travel in this manner depends not only on their character and ability to play useful roles elsewhere, but also on the labels, packaging, vehicles, and company that take them across difficult terrains and over disciplinary boundaries. These diverse stories of traveling facts, ranging from architecture to nanotechnology and from romance fiction to climate science, change the way we see the nature of facts. Facts are far from the bland and rather boring but useful objects that scientists and humanists produce and fit together to make narratives, arguments, and evidence. Rather, their extraordinary abilities to travel well - and to fly flags of many different colors in the process - shows when, how, and why facts can be used to build further knowledge beyond and away from their sites of original production and intended use.
- Sales Rank: #4171879 in Books
- Published on: 2010-11-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x 1.22" w x 5.98" l, 1.70 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 488 pages
Review
"This fascinating interdisciplinary collection arising from an extraordinary international collaboration is a significant and innovative contribution to a crucial question in science and technology studies: what do we mean by a 'fact'? New light is thrown on this old question by a fresh focus on the transmission and transformation of facts between different contexts, with very welcome attention to neglected subject areas, too. It is an intellectual feast of a volume, with plenty of food for thought for historians, philosophers, and natural and social scientists, especially those who are uncomfortable sitting in conventional disciplinary pigeonholes."
- Hasok Chang, University of Cambridge
"This is a lively and diverse collection of essays about the lives of facts: 'shared pieces of knowledge that hold the qualities of being autonomous, short, specific and reliable.' The book is not so much about what facts are, but about what makes them travel - across space, time, and social worlds - and what gives them character. Focusing on the engaging question, what makes some facts travel well, that is, with integrity, yet with the ability to be put fruitfully to new uses, the book provides such a rich survey of curious, prosaic, profound, and false - as well as true - facts that readers will want to try their hand at grand theorizing, which the authors have politely and wisely refrained from doing. It will be an interesting experiment to see how well these facts about facts travel, and where."
- James Griesemer, University of California, Davis
"How Well Do Facts Travel? accomplishes the uncommon feat of bringing fresh thinking to a most common phenomenon. Far more than merely contextualizing the use of 'facts' in myriad fields, this eye-opening and deeply thoughtful collection of essays sets facts in motion, models their dynamics, and maps their travels. Adventurous yet grounded, the group of scholars engages and challenges assumptions in disciplines ranging from history and archaeology to economics and policy to biology and design."
- Randall Mason, University of Pennsylvania
"Stemming from a five-year group multidisciplinary research project, How Well Do Facts Travel? is a welcome and insightful contribution to the growing bodies of scholarship on comparative and historical epistemology, cultural and technological transfer, social networking, and the philosophies of the social and physical sciences. As with the work of Daston, Poovey, and Latour, this diverse and compelling collection of essays will be as usefully provocative to scholars in the arts and humanities as it will to those in the sciences."
- Mark A. Meadow, University of California, Santa Barbara; Leiden University, the Netherlands
"How Well Do Facts Travel? provides an usual perspective on science and its communication by dealing with the 'lives of facts' and their constitution, development, and circulation, in disciplines as diverse as architecture and social psychology, climate science, and gerontology."
- Staffan Mueller-Wille, University of Exeter
"How Well Do Facts Travel? edited by Peter Howlett and Mary S. Morgan is an impressive exploration - interdisciplinary in character - of the circulation of 'facts' in a number of areas spanning both the natural and social sciences and the humanities as well. Science studies abound in work on the vagaries of metaphors, models, and images. Curiously, so far, facts have hardly been included in this list. Peter Howlett and Mary Morgan's assessment of less the production of facts but what makes them travel and how traveling transforms them opens a new horizon. The authors of the volume address the topic with subtleness and sovereignty, covering a broad range of carefully chosen case studies."
- Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Director, the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
"Philosophers of science have long talked about fruitfulness as a criteria of scientific merit. This collection asks how ideas - or facts - actually get to be recognized and used; it is a major contribution that greatly deepens this important problem."
- Stephen P. Turner, University of South Florida
"....The authors explore the ties and the tensions between "integrity" and "fertility" of travel, involving a dialogue of replication and variation.... a variety of perspectives on the problem of travel, presented in papers, often attractively written, that take seriously their particular topics."
>-Theodore M. Porter, University of California, Los Angeles, SCIENCE
"....This superb volume is for all sociologists and philosophers of science, policy planners, and yes, scientists.... Highly recommended...."
>-D.B. Boersema, Pacific University, CHOICE
About the Author
Peter Howlett is an expert on the economic history of the First and Second World Wars and contributed the text for the official history: Fighting with Figures. Dr Howlett's publications also explore international economic growth and convergence since 1870 and the development of internal labor markets and have appeared in edited volumes and journals such as the Economic History Review, Explorations in Economic History and Business History. He teaches at the London School of Economics and is Secretary of the Economic History Society.
Mary S. Morgan is Professor of History and Philosophy of Economics at the London School of Economics and the University of Amsterdam. She has published widely on topics ranging from statistics to experiments to narrative, and from social Darwinism in late-nineteenth-century America to game theory in the Cold War. Her major works include The History of Econometric Ideas (Cambridge, 1990), The Foundations of Econometric Analysis (Cambridge, 1995, co-edited with David F. Hendry), and Models as Mediators (Cambridge, 1999, co-edited with Margaret Morrison). Professor Morgan's account of scientific modeling is forthcoming in The World in the Model. She is currently engaged in the research project 'Re-Thinking Case Studies Across the Social Sciences' as a British Academy-Wolfson Research Professor.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Wide and Varied Anthology
By Bridgette Eichelberger
How Well Do Facts Travel was assigned as a textbook in my critical thinking/writing class, and I felt that it was interesting in places, but some of the discussion felt incredibly abstract, especially Morgan's extended introduction.
The bulk of the book is written by a variety of authors on a host of real-world topics that deal with the slippery, tricky thing that we call a fact. The connecting thread that binds the narratives together is the abstract idea of a fact: how facts are created, transmitted, received, etc., and the many difficulties surrounding every stage in the process.
In my opinion, the most interesting section is Part Two: Matters of Fact, which deals with facts that are present in material objects. Valeriani's discussion of the facts embedded in ancient artifacts is especially noteworthy, as is Oreskes' piece on misinformation on global warming.
Through the use of these individual essays, Morgan and Howlett show that the definition of fact is something that researchers in every field, from history to climate science, must struggle with. This book is extremely thought provoking, and raises many more questions than it answers. It was perfect fodder for our discussion-based class.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
prejudice and nearly fanatical belief written by credentialed scholars drubbing their favorite whipping boys from climate change
By Amazon Customer
This fascinating pastiche of studies about facts is an archetype of opinion, prejudice and nearly fanatical belief written by credentialed scholars drubbing their favorite whipping boys from climate change "deniers" to ancient Greek forms in American nineteenth-century architecture and pretending to be objective.
The giveaway, however, is that the scholars in How Well Do Facts Travel treat facts as objects having existence outside their minds, instead of being statements about existence outside their minds, a distinction that more careful scholars diligently observe. The distinction may sound trivial at first blush, but deeper study shows it to be crucial for critical thinking. Existence does not care what scholars think about it and does not change because of a scholar's findings or opinions. Any and all statements about existence, however, are subject to argument and challenge. Keeping that distinction at the forefront of thought prevents the reader from falling prey to undetected bias, appeals to authority, self-righteous censorship of opposing views, and other lurking intellectual bullying.
Conversely, How Well Do Facts Travel treats facts as if they were objects that exist outside the authors' minds by asking how well they travel. How silly it would appear if stated as How Well Do Statements Travel.
All sixteen essays comprising this book treat facts as objects and put forward the author's opinion as if it were a solid thought, an object, a physical thing, undeniable, unchallengeable, incontrovertible, an expression of absolute truth. When read as a collection of deliberate efforts to dress the author's opinion as absolute truth, this book is highly entertaining as an example of scholarly hubris and the splendid isolation of the community of scholars.
The fifth essay, "My Facts Are Better Than Your Facts" by Harvard Professor of the History of Science Naomi Oreskes, however, deserves further comment: In a highly detailed examination of the original late-1980s "climate denier" campaign by Western Fuels Association, Oreskes bases her evaluation on a set of source documents she claims to be in the archive of the American Meteorological Society, whose archivist states that no such documents ever existed in their possession. However, Greenpeace has posted an online collection of the documents Oreskes uses as sources.
Further, Oreskes made no attempt to fact check with the parties who conducted the Western Fuels campaign, who were all identified in the source documents, and who had never heard of and have never heard from Naomi Oreskes. The parties involved in the campaign pointed out that the "incriminating" document at the center of Oreskes scathing denunciation of "paid shills of the coal industry" was actually a never-used proposal for a campaign by Cambridge Reports commissioned by Edison Electric Institute, which was confirmed by EEI's executive in a recent contact. The Oreskes chapter is based on a misconstruction of the source documents, which could have been corrected by direct fact checking with the involved parties. A newspaper reporter would not have filed such a report without contacting the parties involved.
One might read the Oreskes chapter wondering how a credentialed, supremely intelligent historian of science could or would publish without confirmation, and how the publisher could or would publish without fact checking with the sources.
Despite this critique, I consider this book well worth the read for the writing talent and breadth of knowledge of the chapter authors. They explore realms ignored elsewhere and that alone deserves respect. Consider this review as a cautionary tale and a recommendation to read How Well Do Facts Travel. It's also an invitation to write your own review.
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